Coin-delivery apparatus



E. J. BRANDT.

COIN DELIVERY APPARATUS.

APPLICATION mu) JAN.25. I918.

1,401,133, Patented Dec. 27, 1921.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

- gmmumnumlll flag/ 737M216,

E. J. BRANDT.

COIN DEHVERY APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN 25, 1918.

1,401,133. Patented Dec. 27, 1921.

3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

E. J. BRANDT.

COIN DELIVERY APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 25, I918.

1,401,1 38, Patented Dec. 27, 1921.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

X M 3% @WW Romney UNITED STATES EDWARD J. BRANDT, OF WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN.

COIN-DELIVERY APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 27, 1921.

Application filed January 25, 1918. Serial No. 213,729.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, EDWARD J. BRAINDT, a citizen of the United States, residing at VVatertown, in the county of Jefferson and State of Wisconsin, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Corn-Delivery Apparatus, of which the following 1s a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

The present invention relates to a coin delivery apparatus, and more particularly to an improved apparatus of the character generally known in the art as the Brandt cashier, machines of this type being illustrated in a number of prior patents to myself, among which may be mentioned Patents Nos. 1,143,167, dated June 15, 1915; 1,143,685, dated June 22, 1915; 1,160,251, dated November 16, 1915.

It is one of the primary objects of the invention to provide improved mechanism interposed between the finger actuating keys and the coin pushers of machines of the character under consideration, said mechanism operating to eliminate friction whereever possible, and rendering the parts highly sensitive to slight pressure on the operatlng keys whereby the ejection of the coin is accomplished with considerable more ease than heretofore.

In carrying out the above object, it is proposed to eliminate to a large extent fixed or pivotal connections between the rocker arms and associated parts and to utilize in lieu thereof anti-friction bearings on certain of the parts to be engaged by bearing surfaces on cooperating parts, thereby resulting in greater freedom of movement and whereby the desirable movement to be imparted to the coin pushers will be substantially unresisted by friction or means of connection between the parts.

It is a further object of the invention to provide means whereby depending hangers and the like may be largely avoided, and

whereby the means interposed between the.

usual rocker arms and the pusher arms proper are adapted to continuously move in the same general direction in a more or less direct path, first in a direction to eject the lowermost coin and thence in an opposite direction whereb to position the coin pusher in operative re ation to a succeeding coin.

Another object of the invention is to so construct and arrange the parts, not only in a simplified manner, but wlth a view to condensing the apparatus, whereby the machine as a whole will take up a minimum amount of space.

In the machines of the character under consideration, it has been ascertained that if the venous parts are not accurately adusted to a nicety, the coin pusher arm will sometimes slip beneath the coin intended to be ejected, even after the same has been par tially moved laterally relative to the coin tray, and it is contemplated by the present invention to provide a novel and improved type of coin'pusher, the same being not only highly sensitive and yieldable to accommodate itself to slight irregularities and adjustments of the parts, but of a character whereby the coin engaging part of the arm will at all times under spring pressure tend to accurately engage the edge of the lowermost coin and follow the general direction of the coin until ejection is completed.

In carrying out the last feature of the in ventlon, 1t is proposed to provide the coin pusher with two arms relatively yieldable, the one constituting a guide for the arm and the other under constant upward spring pressure between the arms being adapted to positively eject the coin, without the possibility of slipping by in performing the ejecting operation.

A still further object of the invention is to provide means adapted to operate after a predetermined number of coins have been ejected from the coin tray, to prevent further ejection of coins from this particular tray, thereby indicating that the supply of coins is nearly exhausted, and in this connection a novel and improved-form of looking means is provided operatively associated with coin ejecting mechanism, said locking means having associated hand control releasing mechanism, thereby making possible the continuing of the action of the ejecting mechanism without restriction until the supply of coins is exhausted.

Finally, the invention embraces a money changer of simplified and improved construction generally, simple and neat in its design and construction, comparatively inexpensive, highly eflicient inoperation, and strong and durable in use.

Other and further improvements and novel details in the arrangement and construction of the various parts of the invention will be appreciated from the description to follow which for a clear understand ing of the invention is to be considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof and wherein is disclosed for the purpose of illustration a convenient and satisfactory embodiment of the invention.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 represents a vertical longitudinal sectional view of an apparatus with one embodiment of my improvements applied thereto;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view enlarged of the coin pusher and connected aerating mechanism;

Fig. 3 is a detail View, enlarged of key locking and releasing means for interrupting or rendering operable at will the coin ejecting mechanism.

Fig. 4 is a top plan view of the same, parts being shown in section;

Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8 are detail views enlarged of means operatively associated with the key locking mechanism, whereby to automatically engage the coin plunger actuating mechanism when the supply of coins is nearly exhausted.-

Fig. 9 is a detail perspective, reduced, of the lock releasing bar.

Figs. 10, 10 and 11 are detail views of the tray.

With more particular reference to the drawings wherein like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the several views, 1 designates generally a supporting frame or casing having mounted thereon a series of coin receivers or tra s, 2, conveniently of substantially tubular orm, one of such trays being illustrated and the same being adapted .to discharge the coins as ejected into the receiving tray 3 normally closed by a hand engaging slide 4, the said parts being conveniently of the same, or similar"construction, illustrated in my prior patents. Finger engaging actuating keys 5 of usual construction are provided, the same being normally spring held upwardly as by springs 6 secured thereto at one end and engaging at opposite ends parts of the frame work. These keys have pressure feet adapted in the lowering movement of the keys to engage rocker bars 7, substantially as illustrated in my prior Patent No. 1,160,251.

Depending, one from each of the rocker arms 7 are suitable projections 8 having suitably supported at the lower terminals thereof for free rotatable movement, rollers 9 adapted to engage the rear surface 10, of upwardly extending projections 11 adjacent the rear end of elongated operating rods or arms 12. The rods 12 are adapted to loosely fit at their rear ends in apertures 13 in an upstanding plate 14 of the framework, and spring members 15 connected at one end to said rods and at the opposite end to said plate 14 tend to normally maintain said rods under spring tension in a rearward direction thereby causing the rocker arms 7 to be maintained in an elevated position due to the engagement between the rollers 9 and the projections 11 of said rods 12, the rollers at this time being positioned adjacent the upper end of the projections 11. Mounted upon the foremost ends of each of the rods 12, and conveniently fixed in position is a suitable upwardly extending plate 16 having an elongated forward extension 17 with a slotted way 18, the extension 17 connecting with an upwardly curved portion 19 of the plate 16 whereby to form an abutment or crotch 20 to be engaged at will by a locking means to be hereinafter described. Supported from the framework, convenientlythe base thereof, is an upwardly projecting bracket 21 having connected thereto in any desirable manner for free rotatable movement a roller bearing 22 adapted to engage in the slotted way 18, there conveniently being provided an individual roller bearing for each of the plates 16, whereby each plate together with its roller bearing may be independently re moved or replaced at will.

. The coin pushers are preferably of the following construction, it being understood of course that each of the plates 16 is provided with such 'pu'sher. The coin pusher includes two arms, relatively yieldable, and while it would be possible to form the arms of a single piece of metal of substantially U- shape construction, and of yieldable metal, yet the preferred construction herein illus- 10o trated has proven highly efficient and practical, and contains certain advantages over other embodiments, the same comprising an elongated upper arm 23 having an enlarged free outer end with a slightly tapered surface 24 to engage the edge of the lowermost coin, the upper edge of the inclined surface tending to separate the lowermost coin from the succeeding series of coins. The upper arm 23 has a bifurcated rear terminal the arms 25 of which are adapted to engage over opposite sides of the slotted extension 17 of the plate 16, and pivotally secured to the latter as by a pintle 26. An elongated substantially flat lower arm 27 extends lengthwise of and beneath the upper arm 23, the same being free at its outer end and having an offset rear terminal 28, which is bifurcated to fit over the sides of the upper arm 23 at a point in advance of the bifurcated rear terminal of the latter and being pivotally secured in place as by a pintle 29. A bolt 30 projects between the arms 23 and 27 of the coin pusher, passing loosely throu h apertures in the latter, and having heade terminals overlying the outer surfaces of the arms whereby to limit the separating pivotal action of the arms. Interposed between the arms 23 and 27 and conveniently mounted upon the bolt 30 is a suitable spring 31 tending to at all times exert outward pressure on the arms 23 and 27 of the coin pusher, thereby tending to separate these members. It has been ascertained in practice that by sudden and quick operation of the key members to impart the movement to coin pushers, of previous construct-ion, especially if the parts are not accurately adjusted, it is sometimes possible for the pusher to be suddenly canted in its movement and slip past the lower coinwithout ejecting the same, or assuming that it has operated to artially eject the coin, it may sometimes s ip therebeneath before the ejection is complete. By the employment of the coin pusher embodying the characteristics of that illustrated and described herein, it has been determined that the ejecting arm 23 of the coin pusher will at all times be maintained in accurateposition not only in starting the ejecting operation, but throughout the ejecting operation, the lower arm 27 being guided upon the lower edge 32 of the coin tray, and the engaging portion of the pusher arm moving under constant upward spring pressure along the same general line or plane of the wider surface of succeeding coins.

It is desirable to warn the operator when the supply of coins in a particular tray is nearly exhausted and to this end novel and improved means is employed for this purpose, the same being operatively associated with the coin ejecting mechanism to the end that further ejection of coins in that particular coin tray about to become depleted will be revented, suitable releasing mechanism belng also employed of novel construction whereby after the warning has been given, the remaining coins in the tray may be ejected if desired. This locking and releasing means will now be described. The coin actuated member 33 is freely suspended as by a pintle 34 in each coin tray, the same having a coin engaging projection 35 and a lever actuating projection 36. The member 33 is adapted to loosely swing on the pintle 34 and has a slot or recess 37 engaging over the pin 38 projecting from the side wall of the tray whereby the movement of the member 33 in opposite directions about its pivotal support 34 will be limited. A locking lever 39 is provided, the same being constructed preferably of sheet metal and having a forward end 40 to engage the surface 36 of the coin actuating member, and also having ofi'set ears 41 whereby to loosely receive a supporting pintle 42 whereby the same is pivotally mounted. An elongated plate 43, conveniently of yieldable metal is secured in any desirable manner, as by bolts 44 to the under surface of the arm 39 and projects rearwardly therebeyond, and has mounted at the rear terminal thereof in any desired manner forfree rotation, a roller bearing 45, as illustrated more particularly in Figs. 6 and T of the drawings. A set screw 46 may be pro vided, the same being threaded through the arm 39 and adapted to engage the upper surface of the arm 43 whereby to adjust the latter about its support 44- should occasion demand, whereby the roller bearing 45 will properly engage in the crotch or lock part 20 of the plate heretofore described. The parts are so constructed and arranged that when a suflicient number of coins is in the coin tray, as illustrated in Fig. 8 of the drawings, the coin actuated member 33 will be pushed rearwardly by the coins about its pivotal support 34, and in this position the lever engaging portion 36 of the member 33 will in turn impart rearward movement to the ofi'set projection 40 of the locking lever, thereby elevating the latter about its pivotal support 43, to the end that the roller bearing 45 carried thereby will be positioned above the crotch 20 of the lock engaging member or plate 16 with the result that the coin pusher may be freely operated under the action of the keys 5. Now assuming that the supply of coins is about exhausted from the member 2, as illustrated more particularly in Fig. 1, the weighted rear end of the locking lever 39 will fall downward by gravity, the coin engaging member 33, its movement being unresisted by the coins, freely moving outwardly to permit of the above action. Now assuming that it is desired to continue the actuation of the coin pushers to eject the remaining coins. I provide means preferably common to all of the locking levers 39 for this purpose. This means preferably includes an elongated bar or rod 47 projecting beneath all of the locking levers 39 and having an offset arm 48 at one end with a pin 49 to loosely engage in a recess in one of the side walls of the casing. The bar 47 at its opposite end has an offset part similarly pivoted to the opposite side of the case and having a rearward extension 50 with 'an offset terminal 51 adapted to be engaged by the foot 52 at the lower end of the finger engaging key 53. The stem of this key has a spring abutment 54. and a spring is introduced between said abutment and the upper surface of a plate 55. The stem of the key 53 is also rovided with a notch or cut-out part 54 Fig. 3) adapted in the lower movement of the key to receive the end of a slidable latch 56 having a slotted way 57 to engage over the guide pins 58 projecting from a part of the frame, a spring 59 connected with said latch, and with said frame. tending normally to force the latch into contact with the surface of the said key stem. Assuming that the key 53 is in lowered position and that the latch 56 is in engage ment with the notch 54, the foot end 52 of 'jection 62 on the latch 56, and acting in the lowering movement of the key stem to move the latch rearwardly and thereby releasing the key 53 which immediately will be elevated. Like the key 53 the stem of the key l 60 is provided with a spring 63 for normally retaining the key 60 in elevated position.

The operation may be reviewed as follows:

Assuming that the keys 53 and 60' are in the position illustrated in Fig. 3 of the drawings, the locking lever 39 will be in the position illustrated in Fig. 1 with the roller bearing 45 in contact with the shoulder or crotch 20 of the lock engaging plate 16. Upon a suitable supply of coin belng positioned in the coin tray, the coin actuated member 37 will be moved rearwardly about its pivotal connection by the pressure of the coins, and this action will elevate the rear end of the locking lever 39, thereby permitting unrestricted movement of the coin ejecting mechanism. The operator by pressing upon the desirable key 5 will impart downward rocking movement to this connected rocker arm 7 which through the medium of the roller bearing 9 will impart slidable movement at substantially right angles to said downward movementto the bar 12 and connected lock engaging plate 16 which freely moves because of the roller and slot engagement 1822. The movement of the plate 16 of course imparts movement to the coin pusher arm, and because of the yieldable connection therebetween, the free ends of the arms will gradually spread apart in the ejecting operation. Upon release of the key 5, the ejecting mechanism will be returned to operative position to operate on succeeding coins, by the spring 15. Now so soon as the supply of coins is nearly exhausted, as illustrated in Fig. 1, the coin actuated member 33 will assume a position above the coins under the action of the weighted end of the locking lever 39, with the result that the roller bearing 35. will constitute a substantially fixed abutment preventing slidable movement of the lock engaging plate 16. This will likewise prevent actuation of the particular key 5 in operative connection with said plate 16.

This advises the operator of the fact that the supply of coins should be replaced, but assuming that it is desired to continue the ejection of the remaining coins, the locking key 53 will be pressed downwardly until the latch engages the shoulder formed by the recess or notch member 54. In this operation the foot 52 at the lower end of the key 53 will engage the terminal 51 of one of the offset arms of the bar 47, thereby raising the bar 47 about its pivotal connection and in turn elevating the lockinglevers 39 above the crotch 20, thus permitting continued unrestricted movement of the coin usher.

At the close of a days work, it is desirable to place the coins still remaining in the cashier away in a safe or the like, and it would be quite inconvenient to separate the coins for this purpose, for it would make necessary re-distribution the next morning. Therefore, it is contemplated to provide a tray of novel construction, and to support the same on a machine proper in a novel manner, whereby the tray may, as desired, be bodily removed from the machine wit-h the entire supply of coins yet remaining in the tray, and the tray placed in the safe. To this end, the tray is provided at its top with overhanging arms or bracket supports adapted to rest upon the upper surface of a portion of the framework 71 of the machine. The supporting brackets 70 have apertures adapted to receive retaining buttons 72, spring held in an upward position as by springs 73 positioned upon the under surface of the frame work 71. Adjacent the upper end of the tray on the rear surface thereof i s a spacing bar 74 adapted to contact with the front surface of the frame part. 7 5 and projecting forwardly from said frame part 75 is a retaining lug or pin 76 adapted to engage the upper surface of the spacing bar 74 when the tray is in position.

In view of the fact that the coin actuated member 35 is independent of connection with the other parts of the machine to be actuated by the members 35, it will be appreciated that the members 35 will be removed with the coin tray, without disturbing any other parts of the mechanism, and in this same connection in the removal of the tray the coin pushers proper (2324) being positioned below the tray will also not be disturbed. At opposite sides of the tray atthe front thereof are suitable handles 77.

Assuming it is desired to remove the tray it is only necessary to push the buttons 72 downwardly against the action of. their spring supports, and in this connection the buttons are positioned adjacent the ends of the tray so that the operator by grasping the handles with the fingers may at the same time push the buttons downwardly with the thumbs, whereupon the tray may be elevated and carried to the place of deposit. When it is desired to place the tray in osition the operator pushes the buttons 72 ownwardly and registers the spacing bar 74 in contact with the front surface of the frame 75 and in contact with the retaining pin 76 when upon release of the buttons 7 2 the same will, under the action of the springs, move upwardly into engagement with the recess of the supporting brackets thereby cooperating with the retaining pin 76, to maintain the coin tray in locked position.

What I claim is:

1. In a machine of the character described, the combination of a coin receptacle, a longitudinally movable coin pusher mechanism, operatively associated therewith to eject a coin, said mechanism having a fixed upward extension, vertically movable, key actuating means for the coin pusher, a vertically movable rocker arm to be engaged by the coin pusher mechanism, an anti friction roller carried by the rocker arm for direct engagement with the upward extension of the coin pusher mechanism, and locking means operatively associated with the coin pusher mechanism adapted to be controlled by the number of coins in the receptacle.

2. In a machine of the charaoterdescribed, the combination of a slidable coin pusher, a plate connected to the pusher for slidable movement therewith, a bearing for the plate, a rod projecting rearwardly from the plate, a projection on the rod, and a key actuated roller to engage said projection and impart slidable movement to the plate and connected pusher.

3. In a machine of the character described, the combination of a slidable coin pusher, a plate connected thereto for slidable movement therewith, the plate having a slotted way, a suitably mounted roller bearing to engage in said way, and means for imparting slidable movement to the plate including a rearward projection having an offset roller engaging surface, and a key actuated rocker bar with a roller bearing to engage said surface.

4. In a machine of the character described, the combination of a slidable coin pusher, a plate connected thereto for slidable movement therewith, theplate having a slotted way, a suitably mounted roller bearing to engage in said way, and means for imparting slidable movement to the plate including a, rearward projection having an offset roller engaging surface, and a key actuated rocker bar with a roller bearing to engage said surface, and impart movement to the plate in one direction to eject a coin, and spring means for returning the parts to normal position.

5. In a machine of the character described, the combination of a substantially tubular coin tray, a slidable pusher projecting through one wall of the tray adjacent the end thereoi, a pivoted coin actuated member positioned on one wall .of the tray and adapted to be actuated by coins to be moved shoulder, and a coin able movement through an opening in one wall of the tray, and means for interrupting the slidable movement of the pusher, comprising a gravity lock to engage a part connected directly with the pusher, and movable means on the coin tray governed by coins in the tray for releasing said lock and permitting continued operation of the pusher.

7 In a machine of the character described,

the combination of a substantially tubular coin tray, a coin pusher mounted for slidable movement through an opening in one wall of the tray, and means for interrupting the slidable movement of the pusher, including an elongated arm adapted to move by gravity and pivoted at one end adjacent to the 00111 tray and free at its opposite end to engage a part fixed directly to the pusher to lock the same from movement said arm having an opposite oifset part, and means governed by the supply of coins in the tray for directly engaging said offset part and moving the free end of the lever out of locking engagement with the coin pusher, and independent means for moving said elongated arm for locking position.

8. In a machine of the character described, the combination of a coin tray, :1 coin pusher adjacent the lower end of the tray, a plate mounted directly on the pusher for imparting slidable movement thereto, key actuating means for the plate, said plate having an upward projection forming a lock engaging control locking member pivoted adjacent to the coin tray and adapted to be moved by gravity into contact with said shoulder, and means governed by the supply of the cOiIls in the tray for elevating the said locking member out of contact with the shoulder.

9. In a machine of the character described, the combination of a coin tray, a coin pusher adjacent the lower end of the tray, a plate mounted on the pusher for imparting slidable movement thereto, key actuating means for the plate, said plate having an upward projection forming a lock engaging shoulder, and a coin control locking member adapted to be moved by gravity into contact with said shoulder, and means governed by the supply of the coins in the tray for elevating the said locking member out of contact with the shoulder, and independent means for elevating said locking member out of locking contact with the shoulder.

10. In a machine of the character described, the, combination of a coin tray, a coin pusher adjacent the lower end of the tray, a plate mounted on the pusher for imparting slidable movement thereto, key actuating means for the plate, said plate having an upward projection forming a lock engaging shoulder, and a coin control locking member adapted to be moved by gravity into contact with said shoulder, and means governed by the supply of the coins in the tray for elevating the said locking member out of contact with the shoulder, said last mentioned means having a key control.

11. In a machine of the character described, the combination of a substantially tubular coin tray, a pusher member laterally movable through a slot at the base of the tray for ejecting the lowermost coin, a coin actuated member positioned on the rear wall of the tray and adjacent the base thereof, and means interposed between the coin actuated member and pusher for normally locking the pusher from movement to eject the coin, said means including a gravitating arm pivoted at the tray and having an offset extension disconnected with but adapted to be directly engaged by the coin actuated member, the'coin actuated member being moved by the pressure of coins in the tray to release said intermediate locking means and permitting actuation of the pusher.

12. In a machine of the character described, the combination of a slidable coin pusher, a member carried thereby having an upwardly curved projection forming a shoulder, key actuating means for moving said member to slide the pusher, and a releasable locking member to engage said shoulder, including a roller bearing, and means engaging the locking member to impart movement to the same to releas the pusher.

13. In a machine of the character described, the combination of a slidable coin pusher, vertically movable means for interrupting the movement of the pusher, and means for elevating said last mentioned means to permit ejecting operation of the pusher comprising a key actuated presser foot and a rock arm engaged by the foot and operatively associated with said member, and locking means for said key actuated presser foot.

14. In a machine of the character described, the combination of a slidable coin pusher, vertically movable means for interrupting the movement of the pusher, and means for elevating said last mentioned means to permit ejecting operation of the pusher comprising a key actuated presser foot and a rock arm engaged by the foot and operatively associated with said member, locking means for said key actuated presser foot, and a key releasing means for said last mentioned locking means.

15. In a machine of the character de scribed, the combination of a supporting frame, coin pusher mechanism, a tray divided to support a plurality or series of coins, means for supporting the tray in substantially upright position on the frame said means including an aperture supporting lug on the tray, and a spring pressed retaining member adapted to engage in said aperture.

16. In a machine of the character described, the combination of a supporting frame, coin pusher mechanism, a tray divided to support a plurality or series of coins, means for supporting the tray in substantially upright position on the frame, said means including a rearward projection at the top of the tray adapted to overlie the upper surface of a part of the frame, said projection being apertured at a point adjacent the end of the tray and retaining members on the frame spring pressed upwardly so as to engage said aperture.

17. In a machine of the character described, the combination of a supporting frame, coin pusher mechanism, a tray divided to support a plurality or series of coins, means for supporting the tray in substantially upright position at the top of the tray adapted to overlie the upper surface of a part of the frame, said projection being apertured at a point adjacent the end of the tray and retaining members on the frame spring pressed upwardly so as to engage said aperture, said retaining means adapted to be released by the thumbsof the' j operator, and means adjacent opposite ends of the member adapted to be simultaneously grasped by the fingers of the operator, as said retaining means are engaged by the thumb.

18. In a machine of the character described, the combination of a supporting frame, a coin tray having a slot adjacent the lower end thereof, a coin actuated means pivoted in said slotted portion of the tray, a slidable coin pusher to engage the coins, a gravity acting lock pivotally mounted so as to be engaged by the coin actuated means, said lock acting on its release by the coin actuated means to interrupt the movement of the coin pusher, and means for supporting the coin tray in position on the frame whereby the same may be bodily removed without disturbing either the lock or pusher.

19. In a device of the character described. a coin receptacle, a pivoted plate mounted in the receptacle and adapted to have one edge engage the coins, a pivoted lever adapted to engage the opposite edge of the of the pivoted plate, and means engaging plate, and means for holding the end of the the free end of the lever for holding the lever in raised or lowered position. same in raised or lowered position.

20. In a machine of the character de- In testimony whereof I hereunto aflix my 5 scribed, a coin receptacle, a pivoted plate signature in the presence of two witnesses. 15

mounted in the receptacle and adapted to EDWARD J BRANDT have one edge engage the coins, a lever pivoted, adjacent one end, to the machine, Witnesses: a downwardly extending member adjacent JOHN SPIEGELHOFF,

10 the pivot point adapted to engage the edge ARTHUR THANER. 

